The warning you're encountering on your Scaleway Debian 13 ARM STANDARD2-A2C-8G instance indicates that KVM (Kernel-based Virtual Machine) is not available. This can happen for several reasons, especially on ARM-based instances. Here’s how to diagnose and resolve the issue:

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1. Check if KVM is Supported on Your Instance

Scaleway's ARM-based instances (e.g., STANDARD2-A2C-8G) do not support KVM acceleration. KVM is typically available on x86_64 architectures, but ARM64 (aarch64) instances often rely on TCG (Tiny Code Generator) for emulation, which is slower.

To confirm your architecture, run:

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uname -m

If it returns aarch64, your instance is ARM-based and KVM will not work.

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2. Verify KVM Module Availability

Even if KVM is not supported, you can check if the kernel modules are loaded:

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lsmod | grep kvm

If no output is returned, KVM modules are not loaded (expected on ARM).

To check if KVM is available in the kernel:

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grep -E 'kvm|KVM' /proc/cpuinfo

On ARM, this will likely return nothing.

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3. Install QEMU with TCG (Fallback)

Since KVM is unavailable, QEMU will automatically fall back to TCG emulation, which is slower but functional. Ensure QEMU and libvirt are installed:

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sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y qemu qemu-system libvirt-daemon-system libvirt-clients bridge-utils

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4. Configure Libvirt to Use TCG

Libvirt (used by tools like virt-manager or virsh) may still warn about KVM. To suppress the warning and force TCG:

1. Edit the libvirt configuration:

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   sudo nano /etc/libvirt/qemu.conf

2. Add or uncomment:

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   clear_emulator_capabilities = 0

3. Restart libvirt:

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   sudo systemctl restart libvirtd

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5. Test Virtualization Performance

Run a test VM to check performance:

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qemu-system-aarch64 -machine virt -cpu cortex-a57 -m 2G -nographic -kernel /path/to/kernel -initrd /path/to/initrd

If the VM starts (albeit slowly), TCG is working.

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6. Alternative: Use Docker or LXC

If your goal is lightweight virtualization, consider:

• Docker: For containerized applications.
• LXC/LXD: For system containers (closer to VMs but lighter).

Install Docker:

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sudo apt install -y docker.io
sudo systemctl enable --now docker

Install LXC:

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sudo apt install -y lxc lxd
sudo lxd init

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7. Confirm with Scaleway Support

If you require KVM acceleration, confirm with Scaleway whether:

• Your instance type supports KVM (unlikely for ARM).
• You can migrate to an x86_64 instance (e.g., STANDARD2-S, which supports KVM).

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Summary of Solutions

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Next Steps

• If you need full KVM acceleration, consider switching to an x86_64 instance.
• If you proceed with ARM, optimize your workloads for TCG or containers.